O Level Islamiat P1 Ashara Mubbasharrah, Muhajireen & Ansars, Four Caliph’s, Scribes Of The Divine Revelation
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Ashara Mubbasharrah (Ten Blessed Companions)
These are the persons who, while alive, were given the certificate of paradise by the Holy
Prophet (SAW).
1. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA)
- The closed friend, father-in-law and the most trusted companion of the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- First to accept Islam amongst the elder.
- Brought many people in the fold of Islam and freed many slaves.
- Accompanied the Holy Prophet (SAW) during the migration to Madinah
- For the battle of Tabook, presented all his household goods as donation.
- Participated in all the battles.
- Stayed in cave Thaur.
2. Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)
- Firm in matters regarding commandments of Allah.
- Enemy of Muslims who became a symbol of their strength.
- Only companion who embraced Islam as a result of prayers by the Holy Prophet (SAW).
- Only person who announced his migration to Madinah publicly and travelled without any security.
- Full of determination, definitiveness of opinion, knowledge and bravery. He participated in all the battles.
- Gave half his household goods for Tabuk expedition.
3. Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA)
- Belonged to a wealthy family of traders, Ummayad.
- Helped the Muslims whenever they were in need.
- Purchased the only sweet-water well in Madinah form a Jew and donated it to Muslims.
- For the Tabook battle, contributed 1,000 Dinars and 300 camels alongwith their loads.
- The Holy Prophet (SAW) married two of his daughters, one after the other, to him, known as Zun-Nurain
- A devoted worshipper often observed fast.
- He participated in all the battles except Badr.
4. Hazrat Ali (RA)
- Cousin of the Holy Prophet(S), son of Abu Talib.
- Upbringing by the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- First child to accept Islam.
- Attained a high mark in ethics, morality, knowledge and wisdom.
- Carried out conquest of Khyber Fort.
- When migrating to Madinah, the Holy Prophet (SAW) left him behind to return the trusts of the people.
- During Ghazwah-e-Tabook, he was appointed as the governor of Madinah.
- The most able judge, whose justice was un-matched.
- He married Hazrat Fatima, the daughter of the Holy Prophet(S)
- Father of Imam Hassan and Imam Hussain.
5. Hazrat Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (RA)
- Name Amir and surname Abu Ubaidah
- Migrated first to Habsha, then to Madinah
- A devoted Muslim and a brave fighter.
- Fought against his father Abdullah in Ghazwah-e-Badr.
- In Ghazwah-e-Uhad, lost his two front teeth in an effort to take out the stickers of armour stabbed into the forehead of the Holy Prophet (SAW).
- Commander of the Muslim army in campaigns of Syria, Iraq and Palestine.
- The Holy Prophet (SAW) gave him the title of Ameen.
- Died in a plague, while in Syria.
6. Hazrat Saad Bin Abi Waqas (RA)
- Maternal uncle of the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- Upon his acceptance of Islam, his mother became perturbed and stopped eating and drinking. On this Ayah 15 of Surah 31 was revealed.
- Commanded many military campaigns, conquered Iran and Madaain.
- Shoot 1000 arrows in Ghazwah-e-Uhad.
7. Hazrat Abdul Rehman Bin Auf (RA)
- Belonged to an affluent family, very generous.
- Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) brought him into the fold of Islam.
- Took part in both the migrations i.e. Habsha and Madinah.
- On the way to Madinah, he was deprived of everything including his wife, son, camel but continued his journey on foot.
- In Ghazwah-e-Uhad, received 20 wounds and a severe injury on his foot.
- Donated 700 camels, loaded with food items, to the Muslims of Madinah.
- In his will, prescribed 400 Dinars for each of the 100 participants of Ghazwah-e-Badr who were still alive.
- Donated a garden worth 400,000 Dirham to the mothers of the Faithful.
8. Hazrat Zubair Bin Awan (RA)
- Son of Hazrat Saffiya (RA), a paternal aunt of the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- Accepted Islam at the age of 15
- First person to take-up sword of Islam.
- Showed great feats of courage in all the Ghazwat.
- Expert at shooting arrows and the use of spear
- Spent a lot in the name of Allah (SWT)
9. Hazrat Talha Bin Ubaidullah (RA)
- Accepted Islam on the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
- One of the six people considered for caliphate after the death of Hazrat Umar (RA)
- In Ghazwah-e-Uhad, amongst those who made a protective wall their bodies around the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- Fought with valour in Ghazwah-e-Hunain
- Contributed generously at the time of Ghazwah-e-Tabook.
10. Hazrat Saeed Bin Zain (RA)
- Cousin and brother in law of Hazrat Umar (RA)
- Accepted Islam at the age of 15
- He and his wife (sister of Hazrat Umar) got harsh treatment by relatives.
- Was appointed as the governor of Damascus after its conquest.
The Emigransts (Muhajireen) & Helpers (Ansars)
Hijrat means emigration of Muslims for the cause of Islam. Three Hijrats took place in the beginning of Islam:
1. First Hijrat To Habsa (Abysinnia)
- Eleven men and four women took part
- The leader was Hazrat Usman bin Mazoon (RA)
- The emigrants returned to Makkah after three months.
2. Second Hijrat To Habsha
- Took place in the 7th year of Prophethood.
- The caravan included 80 men and 20 women
- Emigrants remained there till the Hijrat of Madinah
3. Hijrat To Madinah
- Upon receiving orders from Allah, the Holy Prophet (SAW) commanded Muslims to migrate to Madinah.
- Hazrat Abu Salmah Abdullah (RA) was the first emigrant.
- The Holy Prophet (SAW) move to Madinah alongwith Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
Muhajireen
- Those Muslims who left behind their relatives, houses, businesses and belongings for migration to Madinah.
Ansaar
- The native Muslims of Madinah who provided assylum and lodging to the emigrants from Makkah.
- Accepted the Muhajirs as their brothers and shared with them everything they had.
- Not only offered moral and economic assistance but also sacrificed their lives for the cause of Islam.
The Four Caliph’s
(During The Lifetime Of The Holy Prophet (SAW-KN))
1. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA)
- Real name was Abdullah
- The closest friend and secret-keeper of the Holy Prophet(SAW)
- His acceptance of Islam proved to be a milestone.
- Purchased the freedom of four men and four women slaves
- In 613 A.D., he made the first public address of inviting people to Islam.
- In 620 A.D., his daughter Ayesha was engaged to Muhammad (SAW)
- In 620 A.D., testified the event of Miraj and was given the title “Siddiq”.
- In 622 A.D., migrated to Madinah with the Holy Prophet (SAW)
- In 628 A.D., he was made a witness over the Pact of Hudaibiya
- In 631 A.D., The Holy Prophet (SAW) appointed him the leader of 300 Muslims, who performed pilgrimage.
- In 632 A.D., accompanied Muhammad (SAW) for the Farewell Pilgrimage.
2. Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)
- At first hostile to Islam, became Muslim in 618 A.D.
- Migrated openly to Madinah.
- Very strong and brave man.
- Muslims were strengthened by his conversion to Islam.
- His daughter Hazrat Hafsah (RA) was married to Muhammad (SAW).
- By profession, a trader.
- Particepated in all battles.
3. Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA)
- An early convert to Islam, migrated twice for the sake of Islam.
- Could not take part in Ghazwah-e-Badr due to the illness of his wife.
- In 625 A.D., participated in the battle of Uhad.
- In 628 A.D., negotiated the terms of Hudaibiya Treaty.
- In 629 A.D., went to Makkah to perform Umra and visited his mother.
- After the conquest of Makkah, his mother and siblings converted to Islam.
- In 630 A.D., contributed generously for the battle of Tabook.
- Married two daughters of the Holy Prophet(S) therefore known as Zun-Nurain.
4. Hazrat Ali (RA)
- Accepted Islam at only 10 years of age.
- When the Holy Prophet (SAW) publicly invited Banu Hashim to Islam, only Hazrat Ali (RA) stepped forward.
- In 622 A.D., when the Holy Prophet (SAW) migrated to Madinah, Hazrat Ali (RA) risked his life by sleeping in the Prophet‟s bed.
- While creating brotherhood in Madinah, the Holy Prophet (SAW) appointed him as his brother.
- Was married to Hazrat Fatima (RA), the daughter of Muhammad (SAW).
- Killed about 30 pagans in the battle of Badr.
- Wrote down the Treaty of Hudaibiya
- During the conquest of Makkah, the Holy Prophet (SAW) asked him to ensure that there would be no bloodshed.
- In 631 A.D., he was sent to Yemen to impart teachings of Islam,
- It is believed that the Holy Prophet (SAW) transferred his spiritual power and authority to Hazrat Ali (RA)
Scribes Of The Divine Revelation
1. Abdullah Bin Saad (RA)
He was one of the wisest and most generous of the Quraish and the foster brother of Hazrat Usman. He knew how to read and write and had accepted Islam in the early days so the Holy Prophet also assigned him the task of writing down the revelations of the Holy Quran. During the period of Hazrat Usman's Khilafat, he conquered an African territory and got a huge amount of war booty.
2. Hazrat Zubair Bin Awan (RA)
He was a close friend and cousin of the Holy Prophet. He was among the ten blessed companions. He wrote the letter to the Tai tribe on behalf of the Holy Prophet. He used to write down “Amwal-e-Sadaqat” and his name was put among the scribes of the Holy Prophet.
3. Hazrat Khalid Bin Saeed (RA)
He was among the foremost people who embraced Islam. His father treated him harshly. He had spent much of his time with the Holy Prophet; he served as a scribe. He was the first one to write “Bismillah”. The Holy Prophet appointed him as an accountant for the charity collected from Yemen. He wrote the treaty which granted peace to the people of Taif.
4. Hazrat Ubaan Bin Saeed (RA)
He was the brother of Khalid bin Saeed. He provided assylum to Hazrat Usman during the time of treaty of Hudaibiya. The Holy Prophet appointed him as an administrator of Bahrain, concerning to the land and sea.
5. Hazrat Ubi Bin Kaab (RA)
He was a famous reciter of the Quran and a scribe. He was known as Syed ul Quran (leader of the recitors). He was the one who wrote the first revelation of the Quran in Madinah.
6. Hazrat Hanzla Bin Rabi (RA)
He was the scribe of the Holy Quran and was assigned the duty of putting all the daily matter regarding the Muslim state into writing. He had also given him the “Mohre Nabuwwat” (stamp of the Holy Prophet) and asked him to report all the pending work after every three days. For this reason, people started to call him Khatab.
7. Abdullah Bin Masood (RA)
He was one of the most favourite companions of the Holy Prophet and was well-known for his love for and adherence to the Messenger of Allah. He is known as Sahabi-bin Sahabiya because his brother and mother belonged to the earlier companions of the Prophet. He is regarded as one of the first converts to Islam who faced torture of the Quraish with patience.
He learnt the Quran with great fondness and attention and is said to be the first one to recite the Quran openly in Makkah. He migrated twice to Abyssinia and later to Madinah. He took in the Battle of Badr and killed Abu Jahl. He also took part in Battle of Uhad.
After the Holy Prophet‟s death, he was regarded as an expert on interpretation of the Quran. Hazrat Umar greatly appreciated his deep knowledge of Quran and Sunnah and often consulted him on these matters. He is said to have quoted eight hundred traditions.
Others should learn the Quran from him.
8. Zaid Bin Sabit (RA)
He was the principal scribe of the Holy Prophet. He belonged to the Khazraj tribe. He accepted Islam before the Holy Prophet‟s migration to Madinah. He was eleven years old when he accepted Islam. He took part in the Battle of Trench and Tabuk expedition.
Zaid bin Sabit was a very learned person who could speak many languages. He was placed among those knowledgeable companions who were scholars and jurists. He was very intelligent and had a good memory.
After migration, he appointed Zaid bin Sabith to write down the revelation received by him. Zaid had learnt the Quran during the Prophet‟s lifetime.
At the time of Battle of Yamama, Hazrat Abu Bakr entrusted Zaid bin Sabit with the task of collecting the verses of the Quran and compiling them in book form. After hard work and consultation with various companions of the Prophet, he produced a compilation.
Zaid bin Sabit was the first person to swear allegiance to Hazrat Abu Bakr as the Khalifa. He took part in the Battle of Yamamah.
During Hazrat Umar‟s Khilafat, Zaid bin Sabit was appointed as the Qazi of Madinah. During the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman, he was made responsible for the public treasury. He was also member of the committee which was formed to prepare copies from the original copy of Quran.
9. Ameer Muawiya (RA)
He was the son of Abu Sufyan and leader of Quraish and for a very long time, the bitterest enemy of the Holy Prophet. After the conquest of Makkah, he along with his father and other members of Banu Ummayah accepted Islam and devoted himself to its cause. The Prophet appointed him as his secretary.
During the Khilafat of Hazrat Umar, he was made the governor of Syria and Hazrat Usman let him continue in that office. However, Hazrat Ali wanted to remove Muawiya from the govern-ship of Syria but he became Hazrat Ali‟s opponent and fought against him in the battle of Siffin.
He was the founder of Umayyad dynasty. Before his death, he nominated his son Yazid to succeed him.
10. Ubbay Bin Ka’ab (RA)
He was one of the main scribe in Madinah. He was one of the distinguished companions of the Prophet. He belonged to the Khazraj tribe and pledged allegiance to the Prophet at Aqabah, as such, he was the first person form Yasrib to accept Islam
He served as a scribe to the Holy Prophet and wrote letters for him. The last verse of the Quran is said to be written down by him. By the time of the Prophet‟s death, he not only memorized the Quran by heart but had a personal copy of the sacred test. The Holy Prophet used to encourage his companions to learn the Quran from him as his knowledge was profound and deep.
11. Khalid Bin Waleed (RA)
He belonged to the Quraish tribe. He accepted Islam after the treaty of Hudaibiya. He was a brave and courageous warrior. For this, the Holy Prophet gave him the title “Saifullah”, the Sword of Allah.
During the Battle of Uhad, he changed the Muslim's victory into an almost defeat when he attacked the Muslim force from behind.
During the Battle of Mutah, after martyrdom of three commanders, Khalid bin Waleed took over and Allah granted the Muslims with victory.
During the conquest of Makkah, he was appointed as a leader of one of the four squadrons into which the Holy Prophet divided his army. He died in 21 A.H.
And Four Caliphs were also the Scribes of the Divine Revelations.
