O Level Islamiat P1 Life & Significance of Holy Prophet (SAW-KN) in Makkah
To view other notes of Islamiat Click Here.
Age of Ignorance (Jahaliya Period)
Politically, the pagans (Arabs) were divided into different tribes. Might is Right‟ was the only law to rule. There was no law or proper government, anyone who thought of being powerful would become the chief of the tribe. The tribes used to quarrel for years on small issues, the battle of Basus was the longest, it was fought for forty long years on a horse. There was no unity among the tribes. There was no law or a constitution.
Economically, they were rich and some were poor. They used to trade. They used to gamble. They bet on different things. They had competitions such as poetry and horse riding or wrestling, this was also a cause for earning money. They had religious festivals (Mela of Ukaz) where they displayed their goods for trade. They used to sell women as games. They earned by taking usury (interest on loans). Adulteration or Black marketing was also common. Smuggling and robbery was a source of Income.
Socially, they were indulged in theft, robbery and adultery. They used to bury their baby girls alive. Women were treated as articles of trade. Their step sons used to inherit the stepmothers after their father's death. Women had no right of opinion or decision. They had no right of inheritance in the property. The birth of a boy was celebrated. Slavery was common. There was no justice and equality. There was no respect for others. Polygamy was common. Wine drinking, gambling, adultery were common.
Religiously, they were polytheists, they believed in many gods and goddesses. They worshipped idols made of clay, mud, stone and flour. They also worshipped stars, sun, moon and trees. There were 360 idols in the Holy Kaaba. The largest one was Habal, some other famous were Laat, Manaat, Uzah. They used to celebrate the Mela of Ukaz in which they danced, drunk and were mostly naked. They used to have their pilgrimage around it every year. They also used to sacrifice the human beings for the sake of their gods and goddesses.
Birth of the Holy Prophet (S)
The Holy Prophet (S) was born to Hazrat Amina and Hazrat Abdullah on the 12th Rabiul Awwal 570 A.D at that night there was light (noor) from the Earth till Heavens. He belonged to the Banu Hashim, a clan of Quraish. His father died six months before his birth. His grand father Abdul Muttalib kept his name Muhammad(S). His mother named him „Ahmad‟. According to the Arab custom he was given to Hazrat Halima Saadia. She loved him a lot. Her financial conditions improved as he stepped in her house. The barren land became fertile; the dried animals started giving milk. When he was five years old, one day he was gathering wood with Hazrat Halima‟s son, angel Gibrael came and cut open his heart, he took out black clot of congealed blood which was evil in his heart and washed with Zam Zam. He was fine after that, but he became ill, Halima took him to Amna as she feared magic on him, because he was unwell.
When he was five, he reached Amna. She took him to Yathrab on the way back, she became ill at Abwa, where she visited Hazrat Abdullah's grave. She died and Hazrat Muhammad (S) was brought to Hazrat Abdul Muttalib by Um-e-Aiman (slave girl). His grand father looked after him, but he died, when he was eight years old, he came in custody of his uncle Hazrat Abu Talib. He used to look after the sheep of Abu Talib. He also became a tradesman. He earned a reputation of being honest and truthful therefore, he was given the name Al-Amin (Trustworthy) and Al-Sadiq (the Truthful).
When the Prophet(S) was twelve years old, he went to Basra/Syria with his uncle for trade when he entered Basra/Syria, a Christian monk, Bahira observed that the trees were bowing and clouds were covering someone in the caravan. He invited them to dinner. He observed signs of Prophethood in Muhammad (PBUH). He told Abu Talib to take special care of his nephew.
Harb-ul-Fajar
The Battle of Fajar broke out between Quraish and Banu Hawazan during 580-590 AD. It broke out at the Mela of Ukaz. These months were sacrilegious ones, in which the battles were forbidden. The war had disastrous effects, there was too much of bloodshed. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was also not happy due to continuous bloodshed. He was with his uncles, only collecting the stray arrows. He was only fifteen years old at that time.
Hulf-ul-Fazool
The uncle of Hazrat Muhamamd(S), Zubair took the responsibility to stop the war, he called the leaders of the tribes for alliance. The meeting was called in the house of Abdullah Ibn-e-Judaan. The war was stopped also the bloodshed charity was collected for the oppressed poor and needy. The leaders who participated and signed the agreement had Fazl in their names; therefore it was called Hulf ul Fazool. The Holy Prophet (S) was himself present there and he said,
“I was present in the house of Abdullah Ibn-e-Judaan it was such an excellent pact that I would not exchange my part in it for a herd of red camels. And if now, in Islam, I was summoned to it, I would gladly respond!”
Marriage with Khadija
He was a good trader, famous for his honesty. Once Hazrat Khadija (RA), a wealthy widow called him and decided on double share for trade. He agreed. He, with her slave Maisara went to Syria. He sold the goods by telling their merits and demerits. He earned a lot of profit. Maisara was convinced, he told about Muhammad's trust worthiness and truth to Hazrat Khadija (RA). She was greatly impressed and sent a marriage proposal through her friend Nafisa. He accepted it. Both were married, He was 25 years old and Hazrat Khadija (RA) was of 40 years, she was already twice widowed.
She proved the best wife, she gave him all financial support, she was the first among women to accept Islam. She was the only wife who faced persecutions by Quraish. She spent 3 years in Shib-i- Abi Talib during boycott of Banu Hashim. She comforted him when he got the first revelation and took him to her cousin Warqa bin Naufal for confirmation of Prophethood. She was always by his side. The year in which she died was called "Am-u-Hazn‟, the “year of Sorrow”. She bore four daughters and two sons, out of which only Hazrat Fatima (R.A) survived for long.
Black Stone Fixing (Hijra-e-Aswad)
When he was thirty five years old, need for rebuilding Kaaba appeared as the valley of Faran was filled with flood water and Kaaba was situated in the lower part. The problem arose when Black Stone (Hijr-e-Aswad) was to be placed. Each tribe wanted to place it. At this point, an old man Ibn-e- Rabiah gave the suggestion that whoever entered the Kaaba first in the morning would place it. Next morning, the Holy Prophet (S) was the first one to enter Kaaba and he was given the opportunity to decide. He called all tribal leaders and told them to bring the white sheet and place the stone in it. Then, they carried it unitedly to the exact location where Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) placed it with his sacred hands. He saved the tribes from a great war and equality and unity was observed.
The Call (First Revelation) Prophethood
When the Holy Prophet (S) was near the age of 40, he used to meditate in the cave Hira for more than a week. He used to take milk, dates and oat meal, when they finished, he used to return and arranged for the next. He did not have financial worries because of Hazrat Khadija (RA). One night, 27th of Ramazan, while he was meditating, an angel, Hazrat Jibreal, dressed as a man in white appeared in front of him. He told him to Read but he said, “I cannot read”. Again he said, “Read and he had the
same reply, “I cannot read”. Then, the angel squeezed him hard and said, “Read” and he had the
same reply, “I cannot read”. Then, the angel squeezed him hard and said,
“Read in the name of thy Lord, who created man with a clot of congealed blood Read! Your Lord is most Bountiful He, who taught the use of pen and taught man what he knew not”.
After listening to the verses of Surah Al-Alaq, he recited them, he became frightened so he left the cave to return home but on the way, he observed the angel in white, covering the whole sky. He reached home and told Hazrat Khadija to give him the blanket, he was shivering, he laid down to take some rest and when he became a little better, he narrated the whole event to Hazrat Khadija (RA). She comforted him by saying that he was the truthful and honest, he was kind and caring, so Allah could not harm him. Then she took him to her cousin Warqa bin Noufal, the scholar of Bible and Torah, he confirmed his prophethood.
Importance of:
Hazrat Jibrael
He was the arch or chief angel. He was the angel who brought messages to previous Prophets and the Holy Prophet(S). He brought the revelation of the Holy Quran for 23 long years which was a universal message for the whole universe. He took the Holy Prophet (S) for Mairaj. He gave the Prophet(S) glad tidings of being chosen as the seal of Prophets. (Khatam-un-Nabiyeen). He taught the Prophet(S), method of Prayers and later of Hajj (Pilgrimage).
Warqa bin Naufal
He was the cousin of Hazrat Khadija (RA). He was an old blind scholar of Torah and Gospel (Bible). He after listening to the whole event confirmed the Prophethood to the Holy Prophet(S). He also warned him that due to the tortures by the people of Makkah, he would have to leave his beloved city Makkah. He wished if he could accept religion Islam but he was so old that he could not survive for long.
The revelation marked the beginning of Holy Prophet(S) career as the last messenger of Allah.
The religion Islam began with the concept of Tauheed (Oneness of Allah). Among the first believers were:
- Among Women - Wife of Hazrat Muhammad(S), Hazrat Khadija (R.A)
- Close Friend Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A).
- Slave/adopted son, Zaid bin Harith (R.A).
- Child, Hazrat Ali (R.A), cousin of Prophet (S).
- Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A), Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A), Zubair bin Awain (R.A), Abu Ubaida bin-Al Jarrah (R.A), Saad bin Abi Waqas (R.A), Abdur Rehman bin Auf, (R.A.) and Abdullah bin Masud (R.A.)
For three years, he preached the message secretly, then, a revelation came,
“And Warn your relatives”.
The Holy Prophet(S) invited his relatives and the tribe at a dinner. After dinner, he said,
“O, Quraish! By yourselves! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Bani Manaf! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Abbas! The son of Abdul Muttalib! I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Safiyah (the aunt of Prophet(S) I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him. O Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad (PBUH), Ask what you wish from my property, but I cannot save you from Allah if you disobey Him”.
“O sons of Abdul Muttalib! I know, no Arab who has come to his people with a nobler message than mine. I have brought you the best of this world and the next. Allah has ordered me to call you to Him,
so who of you will stand by me in this matter”. No one responded to the message, except Ali (R.A), who said.
“I am the youngest of you, my feet may not be strong but, O Muhammad (PBUH)! I shall be your helper, whoever opposes you I shall fight him as a mortal enemy.”
Another message came to make his message public. “Therefore, declare openly to them, what you are commanded and turn away from the pagans”!
Call at Safa
The Holy Prophet (S) called the people at Safa hills and asked them that if he told them that an army was passing behind the hill, would they believe him. They all replied. “They would”, as they had never heard him telling a lie, but when the Prophet (S) invited them to the Oneness of Allah, and his Prophethood, they turned away, His uncle Abu Lahab condemned him and said,
“May you perish forever” Did you call us for this? Prophet(S) was shocked. Allah comforted him and informed him of the fearful punishment awaiting Abu Lahab.
“May the hand of Abu Lahab perish, doomed he is, his wealth and his properties shall not save him; he shall be thrown into a flaming fire of hell”.
Persecutions on the Prophet (S).
When the Holy Prophet(S) started preaching Islam and the Oneness of Allah, the Quraish became his enemy. Abu Jahl called him a poet, magician and a soothsayer. He also called him a mad man. Abu Jahl called the Prophet(S) "Abtar‟, having no male issue, because his sons died in infancy. One day, while the Prophet (S) was prostrating, he put a camel feaces (dirt) on his back that he could not sit, when Hazrat Fatima (RA) got the news, she came and cleared his back. Once a Quraishi, made a rope of a handkerchief and tried to strangulate his neck, he started choking. An old woman used to throw garbage on him when he passed by her house. Once she was ill, he took great care of her, Holy Prophet's behaviour impressed her so much that she accepted Islam. The wife of Abu Lahab used to strew thorny bushes in his way to injure him but he never showed any reaction. The Quraish were tired of the spread of Islam so they planned to offer him.
- Marriage to the fairest lady in the town
- A large sum of money
- Kingship of Makkah
If he would leave the spread of Islam. They talked to the chief Abu Talib, uncle of Holy Prophet (S), but Holy Prophet(S) answered, “If you put the sun on my right hand and moon on the left to force me to renounce the religion, I will not leave until Allah will destroy me in this process”.
On hearing this, Abu Talib told him to do what ever he wanted and supported him fully.
The „Quraish held a boycott of the Banu Hashim tribe and they were forced to spend 3 years in great sufferings without proper food. There was no trade link and marital links with other tribes when they stayed in a small gorge Shib-i-Abi Talib. Holy Prophet (PBUH) then faced sorrows for the death of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija (R.A). This year is called “Year of Sorrow or Amul-Hazn.”
He went to Taif in the same year to spread Islam but Abu Jahl sent some scoundrels after him who threw stones at him and he was wounded badly but inspite of the injuries, he forgave the people of Taif. The daughters of the Prophet (PBUH) were also divorced as they became Muslims.
Persecutions on The Followers of The Prophet
As Islam grew rapidly, the followers were greatly tortured. Hazrat Bilal (R.A), who was the slave of Ummaya bin Khalaf used to call „Ahad‟. Allah is One. He was badly beaten, put in open desert under the scorching heat of the sun and a huge boulder was put on his chest. He was also dragged in streets of Makkah, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) bought and freed him.
Ammar bin Yasir was badly beaten but he was saved, on the other hand his mother Sumaiya was killed by Abu Jahl, she was the first martyr of Islam. Yasir was later on killed. Zinra, a Roman slave girl was beaten and made blind by her master. She was closed in a room, where the next day, due to belief in Allah, she got back her eyesight.
Suhaib Rumi, a scholar was beaten so badly that he became unconscious, he used to repeat the words what ever was told to him.
Khubab-bin-ul-Arat, a blacksmith was branded by his own tools, his body was burnt badly.
Hazrat Usman (RA) was tied in a mat by his uncle and locked in a room. It was burnt, his father saved him.
On the command of the Holy Prophet (S) some followers migrated to Abyssinia where they took, refuge in the palace of Negus (Egyptian king). Quraish sent a delegation with gifts which he returned, when he heard the recitation of Surah Al-Maryam by Hazrat Jaffar (RA). He answered,
"By God! this and the Bible are two lights of the same candle‟.
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Talha (RA) were tied together.
The followers also stayed in Shib-i-Abi Talib in a boycott for three years with the Holy Prophet (S) in great sufferings.
Reaction of Muslims on Persecutions
The Holy Prophet(S) and his followers were steadfast in their religion. In spite of the hardships and great tortures, they did not leave patience. They showed great tolerance and forbearance, they faced great sufferings at the time of migration to Abyssinia and in the stay at Shib- I -Abi – Talib but did not loose hope. Their determination became firm and they did not leave their support to the Holy Prophet(S) and did not betray him to hand him over to his enemies.
Migration to Abyssinia
When the number of the Muslims increased, the enemies grew very angry, they were persecuting them, the Holy Prophet(S) allowed the Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia as the king there was a just man and he thought that the Muslims would be comfortable there.
The Muslims prepared for the journey, the first group of about 16 persons escaped and reached Abysinia, followed by the second group of 83 men and 19 women, who left at night. This was the first step towards migration in Islam. The Makkans when got the news, they followed them. Two of their men, Amr bin al Aaas and Abdullah bin Abi Rabiah were sent with gifts to the king. They said “Some foolish men had come to hide in your country, our leaders have sent us to your ruler to inform him (the king) about them, do advise him to give them up to us”.
They also told the king that they had abandoned the religion and they had not even become Christians.
The advisors wanted that they should be handed over to the Makkans but the King said,
“No! by God, I will not give them up, those who have asked my protection, settled in my country and chosen me rather than others, shall not be betrayed, I will summon them and ask them about what these two men have said. If the Muslims are as the delegates say I will give them up and send them back to their own people, but if the people of Makkah have lied, I will protect the Muslims”.
The Muslims were called and when they entered, they did not kneel down as was the custom of Abyssinia.
One advisor asked why they did not kneel down, they said,
“We kneel down only to Allah”.
Hazrat Jaffar bin Abu Talib who was the cousin of Hazrat Muhammad (S) and brother of Hazrat Ali (R.A) was chosen to speak, he said that they were among the ignorant, they worshipped idols, ate meat that had not been killed in the right way, they did not respect the rights of neighbours, they did terrible things of which they could not speak, when the Holy Prophet (S) came among them, he asked to worship one God, leave evil life, respect and help neighbors, honour the families, be truthful and trustworthy and look after the orphans. He ordered to pray, give alms and fast, then the Muslims abandon all bad food and all bad things and follow what the Prophet (S) said, and therefore they became enemies.
The king was moved by these words.
He told them to recite some words from the Holy Quran about Jesus and Mary. Then Hazrat Jaffar (RA) recited the verses of Surah Al-Maryam.
When the King heard these, his eyes filled with tears, he then turned to the advisors and said,
“These words have come from God, there is very little to separate the Muslims from the Christians. What ever both Jesus and Muhammad(S) have brought comes from the same source, they are the lights of the same candle”.
The Muslims were given permission to stay in Abyssinia and preach Islam. The Makkans were returned back with their gifts. The Makkans were disappointed.
Why did Quraish pursue the Muslims in Abyssinia?
When Muslims migrated to Abyssinia, Quraish pursued them as they did not want Islam to prosper. They did not want Muslims to live in peace in Abyssinia. Migration was a threat to their economic and social security. They knew that if Negus provided them freedom to live there, it would support Prophet‟s (S) mission. They did not want that the slaves and poor shall get freedom under Islam. They therefore wanted to close the doors of freedom to them. The envoys sent with gifts tried their best on religious grounds to convince Negus to hand the Muslims over to them. They also did not want the outsider to think that the Quraish were no more capable of rule. They also feared that Muslims might grow in strength and add new allies and would become a great power against the Quraish.
Boycott of Muslims
In seventh year of Prophethood the boycott took pace. The Quraish did not want that Islam should prosper. They decided to punish Muslims through boycott. They wrote the „Sanction of Hashim and Banu Muttalib‟. The nobles decided under the agreement they would not have trade with the tribes and there would be no marriage in their tribes. The document was hung in the Holy Kaaba. The tribes had to stay in a narrow gorge Shib-i-Abi Talib which belonged to Abu Talib, for three years, they spent the years in great sufferings. Many times they had to starve, the children used to cry. They spent days by eating leaves or leather pieces. After three years, some leaders decided to put an end to the boycott, they went to take the agreement from the wall of Kaaba. It was already eaten up by the termites. Only the name of Allah and Muhammad (S) was left. The agreement was dissolved and the tribes returned back to their usual worth. Muslims started preaching Islam to Quraish.
Year of Grief
In the 10th of year of Prophet hood, 620 AD, he faced two sad events, one after, another at first his uncle Abu Talib, his great support and chief of Quraish passed away later that year, Hazrat Khadija (RA) his beloved wife who spent about 25 years with him passed away leaving him alone with children. The Prophet(S) called this year “Aam – ul – Hazn‟ meaning „Year of grief”.
Visit to Taif
The Holy Prophet (S) planned to preach Islam in some other area, he accompanied with his adopted son Zaid bin Harith and went to the city of Taif. He discussed with some nobles about Islam, but they refused to accept it. The children of Taif were ready to injure the Prophet (S). They started throwing stones at him. He took shelter in a Jew garden, he was bleeding badly that his shoes were filled with blood. Angel Jibrail came to him and said.
“If you say I would crush the people of Taif under the mountain”
He Said, "I have forgiven them as they did not know what is right and what is wrong. I pray that they shall come to the straight path‟.
It was a difficult time in Taif for him.
Isra and Mairaj
It was the twenty seventh (27th) night of the Rajab month. Angels Jibrail woke the Holy Prophet (S) and took him to the door of the mosque where there was a white animal „Burraq” (mixture of horse and donkey as mule). He mounted the animal and reached Masjid-ul-Aqsa in Jerusalem. There he was brought two jugs, one containing wine and the other, milk. He chose the milk and refused the wine. The angel said,
"You have been rightly guided to the fitrah, the true nature of man and so will your people be, Muhammad, wine is forbidden to you‟.
Then he went to the first Heaven where Hazrat Adam was sitting with a group of people laughing at one hand and on asking, he told him that they were rewarded Heaven. The group on the left was crying, they were rewarded Hell. Then on other skies, he met other Prophets as Musa, Isa, Ishaq, Lut, Dawood, Nuh, lsmail, Suleman, Younus. Yousaf, Zakariya, Yahya etc. He then passed through the gates of Heaven and saw countless angels. Among them was the keeper of the Heaven, Rizwan. Then he came near to the Hell and met the angel, Malik, who never smiled, he stepped forward and showed the view of the Hell to the Holy Prophet (S). At last on the seventh Heaven he met Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S), he was then taken to Sidratul Muntaha near the Lote tree, angel Jibrail told him to move forward as no Prophet or angel was given permission to pass the area. A revelation was received to him on the articles of faith (Beliefs). He went forward and talked to Allah which was a Divine Light. He was gifted
50 times prayers in a day when he returned, Hazrat Musa told him to request Allah for reduction, first it was reduced to 10, then 5. Hazrat Musa again insisted for more reduction but the Holy Prophet (S) thought it shameful for him to ask it. He answered that his Ummah will perform 5 times prayers to get the reward of 50 prayers.
When he returned back the lock of his door was moving and his bed was warm. It all happened in some seconds as time would have stopped. He told the whole event to Hazrat Abu Bakr (S) who accepted each and everything without hesitation and was given the title „Al‟ Siddiq‟. The Honest.
The Pledges of Aqabah
In 620 AD, at the season of pilgrimage a group, of six people from Yathrib came to embrace Islam. They had heard that according to Jew scripture, that was the time when a Prophet was to appear in Arabia. These people accepted Islam and went back, they invited their fellow tribes to the new faith. Next year a group of 12 people came from Yathrib, contacted them at Al Aqabah, they took oath at the hands of the Prophet (S) that they accepted Tauheed. It was the first pledge of Aqabah.
In the following year, seventy three men and two women came from Yathrib and offered an oath of allegiance to the Prophet (S). They pledged to help and protect the Holy Prophet (S). They invited the Prophet to Yathrib. This was the second pledge of Aqabah.
Q. Why were the Qurasih against the Holy Prophet (S) and his followers?
- Holy Prophet (S) preached Oneness of Allah. He stopped them to worship idols.
- Qurasih thought that they were told not to follow their fore-fathers religion.
- Islam is a religion of equality. Every one whether rich or poor is equal. Quraish were status conscious people.
- Quraish were indulged in many evils as theft, lie, adultery, black marketing etc. Islam forbids all.
- Islam forbids usury but the business of Quraish was based on interest. Many Muslims stopped to take loan on interest.
- The Quraish thought that a Prophet would be an angel, jinn, spirit or from a high status rich family but the Holy Prophets (S) was an orphan from a middle class high status family.
- The strength of Muslims was increasing day by day and Quraish were losing their hold on the Muslims.
- Abu Talib, who was the chief of Quraish tribe was the supporter of Prophet(S) and they could not harm him.
Q. Why did the Prophet (S) migrate to Yathrib (Medina)?
- Due to persecutions, preaching of Islam became difficult.
- After the death of Abu Talib, he lost support as he was the chief of Quraish.
- The people of Yathrib who came for the pledges at Aqaba, invited the Prophet (S) to Yathrib.
- Allah commanded him to leave Makkah as the leaders of Quraish had planned at Dar-unNadwa to execute him.
- Migration to Abyssinia was successful, it gave the muslims a great confidence to have migration to Medina.
Event of Migration
The Holy Prophet (S) was commanded by Allah to migrate to Yathrib as his plot for murder was made by all the leaders of the tribes at Dar-un-Nadwa, eleven leaders of Quraish with Abu Jahal, surrounded the house of the Holy Prophet(S) at night and prepared themselves to carry out their plans. Hazrat Muhammad (S) and Hazrat Ali (RA) were inside. He told Hazrat Ali (RA) to be in the bed and join him after returning the belongings of the people he had. With Allah‟s protection, he came out of the house; cast a handful of dust at the dis-believers by reciting Surah Yasin and a dust storm spread. He, with Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) moved to the cave of Saur. In the morning, the Quraish observed that Hazrat Ali (RA) was lying on the bed. They asked him but he denied. He, then reached Abu Bkar's (RA) house. He came with him without any hesitation.
Hazrat Muhammad(S) and Hazrat Abu Bakar(RA) when entered the cave Thaur, a spider made a cobweb at its mouth. A pigeon made a nest outside the cave and laid eggs in it. Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) covered all holes with his shirt pieces, one hole was left, so he put his foot on it, Holy Prophet(S) was lying in his lap. A snake bit on his foot, a tear fell on Holy Prophet(S) forehead. He woke up and on knowing the condition, he applied his saliva on the foot and the pain and effect of the sting vanished. Hazrat Abu Bakar‟s son Abdullah used to bring news for him and daughter Asma used to bring food and milk for them. After three nights they had to leave. Makkans sent their spies who reached Saur but could not find him due to the cobweb and nest. A prize of 100 camels was announced to capture the Holy Prophet (S) and Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A). Abdullah bin Uraqit who had been hired by Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) as a guard reached the cave on the third day with two camels and they moved out. They started their journey in 622 AD to Quba. They travelled the whole night and then rested, took food and milk – Suraqa bin Malik came to know of him, he approached him but he could not do anything, his horse fell down, arrows scattered, he got up and remounted but due to the recitation of the Prophet(S), his horse's legs sank in the sand and he fell forward. He apologized from the Prophet and the Prophet's journey continued .On the way Buraidah bin al Hassan and eighty other people accepted Islam.
On the eighth day, they reached Quba. They stayed there, constructed the first mosque Masjid – Quba Hazrat Ali (RA) joined him. He performed Jumma prayer on the 4th day at Quba and them moved to
Yathrib. On entering Yathrib they were welcomed by everyone. Hazrat Hamza (R.A) saw the Prophet(S) and told the people of Yathrib, they played music and sung songs to welcome him. Everyone wanted that he should stay in their house, he said, he would stay where his camel would sit. The camel sat in an open land which belonged to two orphan brothers Sahal and Suhail, Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) paid the amount of the land and it was decided to build the Mosque (Masjid -i- Nabwi) and two rooms for Holy Prophet(S), also some rooms for Ashab –e–Suffa. During that period he stayed in the house of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari. The year was announced the first year of Hijra with the migration.
Importance/Effect of Migration
The Muslims were saved from the persecutions of Quraish, they got freedom from the cruelties of pagans. The Islamic calendar started after the migration as 1st year of Hijra. Islam started to spread rapidly. The brotherhood pact „Mawakhat‟ was made among Ansar and Muhajireen. The Jew signed the charter of Medina in which they were awarded freedom to practice their own religion. The Holy Prophet(S) established Islamic Common Wealth and he became the head of the state deciding matters. It was a historic event in the Islamic Era.
